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September 03, 2010 Substantial Morbidity for Hospitalized Children With Community-Acquired Rotavirus Infections: 2005-2007 IMPACT Surveillance in Canadian Hospitals - The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Le Saux N et al. – The authors describe community–acquired rotavirus illness in 1359 children hospitalized at 12 centers in Canada between January 2005 and December 2007. The median age was 1.5 years. Almost half (48.6%) had significant dehydration, almost one–fifth (19%) had clinical sepsis and 7% had seizures at presentation. The median hospital stay was 3.4 days. Severe clinical presentations are less commonly described in surveillance programs.... September 02, 2010 Generalizability of clinical trials for cannabis dependence to community samples - Drug and Alcohol Dependence Okuda M et al. – The results also support the notion that clinical trials tend to recruit highly selective samples, rather than adults who are representative of typical patients. Clinical trials should carefully evaluate the effects of eligibility criteria on the generalizability of their results. Even in efficacy trials, stringent exclusionary criteria could limit the representativeness of study results.... Exploring Disparities and Variability in Perceptions and Self-Reported Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Three Ethnic Subgroups of U. S. Blacks - Oncology Nursing Forum Gwede CK et al. – This exploratory, developmental pilot study identified lack of awareness, low risk perception, and distinct barriers to screening. The findings support the need for a larger community–based study to elucidate and address disparities among subgroups.... Estimation of Prostate Size in Community-dwelling Men - Urology Jacobson DJ et al. – The study uses two population–based samples of prostate cancer–free men to develop and validate a novel multivariable equation for estimating prostate volume (PV). Previous investigators have demonstrated the ability to use serum prostate–specific antigen (PSA) levels to estimate PV in men without prostate cancer; however, the ability of additional clinical variables to further enhance PV estimation in these men remains unclear. The data suggest that PV can be estimated with easily obtained clinical variables. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that age and weight can be added to PSA level to achieve greater accuracy in predicting PV. This methodology may prove useful for estimating PV in men in settings where costs and practicality preclude the use of imaging techniques.... Community Management of Anti-malarials in Africa and Iatrogenic Risk - Journal of Tropical Pediatrics Orostegui L et al. – A persistent fever suspected to be due to malaria was treated inappropriately with atovaquone–proguanil and then with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine again. Cumulative toxicity of anti–malarials leads to irreversible hepatic damages requiring hepatic transplantation. Community caretakers must be aware of the potential side effects and the contraindications of anti–malarials. Early identification of drug–induced toxicity and immediate discontinuation of the drug are the more effective tools to limit the progression of tissue damage.... People with HIV in HAART-Era Russia: Transmission Risk Behavior Prevalence, Antiretroviral Medication-Taking, and Psychosocial Distress - AIDS and Behavior Amirkhanian YA et al. – Comprehensive community services for Russian PLH are needed to reduce AIDS–related psychosocial distress and continued HIV transmission risk behaviors. Social programs should reduce stigma and discrimination, and promote social integration of affected persons and their families.... Local Perceptions of the Forms, Timing and Causes of Behavior Change in Response to the AIDS Epidemic in Zimbabwe - AIDS and Behavior Muchini B et al. – This qualitative study found that behavior change resulted primarily from increased interpersonal communication about HIV due to high personal exposure to AIDS mortality and a correct understanding of sexual HIV transmission, due to relatively high education levels and probably also to information provided by HIV programs.... September 01, 2010 Examining appropriate diagnosis and treatment of malaria: availability and use of rapid diagnostic tests and artemisinin-based combination therapy in public and private health facilities in south east Nigeria - BMC Public Health Uzochukwu BSC et al. – Although many providers were knowledgeable about RDTs, not many facilities used it. ACTS were readily available and used in public but not private health facilities. However, the reported use of ACTs with limited proper diagnosis implies that there could be high incidence of inappropriate case management of malaria which can also increase the economic burden of illnesses. Government and donors should ensure constant availability of RDTs in both public and private facilities, so that every treatment with ACTs is accompanied with proper diagnosis.... Examining Elementary School—Aged Children's Self-Efficacy and Proxy Efficacy for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption - Health Education & Behaviour Geller KS et al. – Results provide further validity evidence for the four correlated scales. In addition, results confirm measurement invariance across gender, SES, and ethnicity, confirming the unbiased generalizability of the current measure to these demographic groups. Lastly, tests of population heterogeneity reveal no meaningful differences in self– and proxy efficacy among gender, SES, and ethnicity subgroups.... Factors associated with underutilization of antenatal care services in Indonesia: results of Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2002/2003 and 2007 - BMC Public Health Titaley CR et al. – Strategies to increase the accessibility and availability of health care services are important particularly for communities in rural areas. Financial support that enables mothers from poor households to use health services will be beneficial. Health promotion programs targeting mothers with low education are vital to increase their awareness about the importance of antenatal services.... Previous Page...    More News...
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