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February 08, 2010 Novel Technique for Nd:YAG Posterior Capsulotomy in Pediatric Patients - Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Chen JA et al. – A 7–year–old girl had posterior capsule opacification 2 years after cataract extraction without posterior capsulotomy. This report describes a novel technique for Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy in pediatric patients for providers who do not have access to an overhead–mounted Nd:YAG laser.... Orbital Recurrence of B-Progenitor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Child - Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Lad EM et al. – Orbital mass is an exceedingly rare presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This report describes a 12–year–old boy with recurrent orbital pre–B–cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and reviews the literature on the incidence, presentation, prognosis, and management of orbital tumors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Early diagnosis and treatment of orbital acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a multidisciplinary approach is essential to minimize or prevent deterioration of vision and optimize clinical outcomes. ... Basic Principles and Concepts Underlying Recent Advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Developing Brain - Seminars in Perinatology Panigrahy A et al. – These techniques provide quantitative assessment and novel insight of both brain development and brain injury in the immature brain. Knowledge of normal developmental changes in quantitative MR values is also essential to interpret pathologic cases.... Applications of Positron Emission Tomography in the Newborn Nursery - Seminars in Perinatology Kannan S et al. – Early detection of brain injury secondary to intrauterine and perinatal insults using PET imaging can provide new insight in prognosis and in instituting early therapy. In this review, the authors describe applications of PET imaging in the newborn nursery specifically related to the detection of metabolic changes seen in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal seizures, and neuroinflammation in the neonatal period.... Sleep habits and disturbances in Malaysian children with epilepsy - Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Ong LC et al. – Co–sleeping was highly prevalent in children with epilepsy, who also had more sleep disturbances than their siblings. Epilepsy severity contributed to the sleep disturbances. Evaluation of sleep problems should form part of the comprehensive care of children with severe epilepsy.... Pharmacokinetics of Amantadine in Children With Impaired Consciousness due to Acquired Brain Injury: Preliminary Findings Using a Sparse-sampling Technique - PM&R Vargus–Adams JN et al. – Amantadine was well–tolerated in children with acquired brain injury and demonstrates pharmacokinetics similar to those reported for healthy young adults. Based on the preliminary data, higher dosing may be considered in the setting of brain injury.... Hyperglycemia Not Due to Diabetes Mellitus - Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine Finlayson C et al. – Intercurrent illness may trigger hyperglycemia as a result of the secretion of stress hormones and cytokines. This condition is termed "stress hyperglycemia." Patients with stress hyperglycemia usually do not have a lengthy history of polyuria, polydipsia, or weight loss. They do not manifest symptoms or signs of ketoacidosis. In addition, biochemical evidence of ketoacidosis is absent. If hyperglycemia is associated with a serum glucose above the low 200s, inpatient evaluation is preferred. In the emergency department, hemoglobin A1c can help acutely in estimating chronicity, with high levels prompting admission. Levels of diabetes antibodies should be drawn, and follow–up should be arranged to ascertain normalcy of glucose after resolution of the intercurrent illness.... A Randomized Controlled Community-Based Trial to Improve Breastfeeding Rates Among Urban Low-Income Mothers - Academic Pediatrics Pugh LC et al. – The intervention group was more likely to be breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum compared with the usual–care group, a time that coincided with the most intensive part of the intervention.... Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Mental Health Problems in 4-5-Year-Old Children: Australian Population Study - Academic Pediatrics Davis E et al. – Research examining pathways to young children's mental health should include diverse measures of SES, particularly of family income and education. The fact that mental health problems were most strongly associated with parent education and income should be of interest to policy makers because education and income reflect investments in the lives of these participants' parents during their own childhood and adolescence.... Prevention of substance use among adolescents through social and emotional training in school: A latent-class analysis of a five-year intervention in Sweden - Journal of Adolescence Kimber B et al. – The program was evaluated in an effectiveness study. Intervention students were compared longitudinally with non–intervention students using nonparametric latent class analysis to identify subgroups of students with similar use levels and trajectories. Statistically significant intervention–by–duration interactions, with medium to large effect sizes to the advantage of the SET students were found for all substances in one or more, but not all, of the latent classes. Favorable trajectories were found for non–users/light users of drugs, moderate sniffers, non–users/light users of alcohol, and occasional smokers. Only among heavy smokers was there a possible iatrogenic effect of SET. ... More News...